Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Mollusca
Class : Gastropoda
Subclass : Opisthobranchia
Order : Nudibranchia
Suborder : Aeolidina
Family : Flabellinidae
Genus : Flabellina .....
Spesies: gak tau.... qiqiqiq.... ada yg tau?
Senin, 09 Juni 2014
Flabellina di Samalona
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Mollusca
Class : Gastropoda
Subclass : Opisthobranchia
Order : Nudibranchia
Suborder : Aeolidina
Family : Flabellinidae
Genus : Flabellina .....
Spesies: gak tau.... qiqiqiq.... ada yg tau?
Kamis, 05 Juni 2014
Pegel-pegel di rahang atau pusing setelah menyelam?... ini diaa!!
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Diving
By Maureen Robbs
By Maureen Robbs
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Diving
- See more at: http://www.alertdiver.com/?articleNo=1697#sthash.8AFzKki4.dpufTemporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in DivinBy Maureen Robbs
It is not uncommon for divers
to complain of pain or tenderness in the jaw, a headache or aching facial pain
after diving. The gripping action required to hold a mouthpiece in place may
strain the muscles used for chewing (masticatory muscles) or the temporomandibular
joint (TMJ), which connects the jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone. Pain
associated with the TMJ and masticatory muscles is known as temporomandibular
dysfunction (TMD).
"During diving, the TMJ is subjected to a stress equal to what you would experience if you kept your mouth open — not fully, but as if you stuck three fingers into it vertically — during the entire dive," said Costantino Balestra, Ph.D., vice president of research and education at DAN Europe. "This acts on the retromeniscal neurovascular bundle and can cause myalgia or headache. By having a customized mouthpiece molded, this can be reduced or even eliminated." Balestra is the lead author of the study "Scuba diving can induce stress of the temporomandibular joint leading to headache," published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2004.
The most common mouthpiece designs feature an elliptical airway attached to the demand valve, a labial flange to provide stability and a platform the diver bites for retention. Mouthpieces generally feature short bite tabs and are made of a soft material to accommodate use by a wide range of jaws and teeth; this requires forward movement of the jaw to effectively grip the mouthpiece. This design may not support posterior occlusion, which is the most effective contact of the molar and bicuspid teeth of both jaws for allowing the natural movements of the jaws essential to normal chewing and closure. This lack of support may result in uneven loading of the TMJ. Cold water may exacerbate this problem by impairing a diver's ability to use his or her lips to properly grip the mouthpiece.
Understanding TMD
The TMJ is one of the most complex joints in the body; its movement involves a combination of hinging and sliding action. To locate it, place a finger directly in front of your ears. Move your jaw from side to side, or open and close your mouth. You can actually feel the mandible moving in and out of the TMJ socket. The upper section of the joint is a depression in the temporal bone of the skull; the lower section of the joint is the mandibular condyle, a rounded projection at the upper tip of the mandible. These bones, which make up the joint, are covered in cartilage and are separated by a small disc, which facilitates smooth opening, closing and side-to-side movements.
In many cases, the cause of TMD is not clear. TMD may occur if this disc erodes or becomes improperly aligned, if the cartilage is damaged by arthritis or if the joint is subjected to trauma or long-term microtraumas. Researchers are still seeking to fully understand the causes of these conditions and what treatments are most effective.
Reported symptoms include:
pain or tenderness in the TMJ
TMJ clicking or crepitus (cracking or popping sound)
discomfort while chewing
difficulty opening or closing the mouth
facial pain
headache
blockage of Eustachian tubes
vestibular disturbances such as vertigo or disorientation (either of which could be hazardous should it occur underwater)
Several studies have noted more women reporting TMD symptoms than men. The average age of onset is between 20 and 40, but this dysfunction may occur at any age. In their study "Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in a group of scuba divers," Aldridge and Fenlon suggest that this may be related to anatomical differences such as mandibular angulation and masticatory muscle insertion.
Scuba diving does not appear to cause TMD; however, it may exacerbate a preexisting joint condition. "The problem is that there are many people who have silent or undiagnosed conditions or just plain flimsy joints, which only become symptomatic when the stress of holding a traditional mouthpiece is imposed," said Dr. Randall Moles, orthodontic specialist and developer of the SeaCureTM custom mouthpiece (one of several commercially available custom mouthpieces). "So there is a group of people who will have no TMD symptoms prior to diving who can develop TMJ problems because they had weak joints or a preexisting subclinical problem."
What You Can Do
"During diving, the TMJ is subjected to a stress equal to what you would experience if you kept your mouth open — not fully, but as if you stuck three fingers into it vertically — during the entire dive," said Costantino Balestra, Ph.D., vice president of research and education at DAN Europe. "This acts on the retromeniscal neurovascular bundle and can cause myalgia or headache. By having a customized mouthpiece molded, this can be reduced or even eliminated." Balestra is the lead author of the study "Scuba diving can induce stress of the temporomandibular joint leading to headache," published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine in 2004.
The most common mouthpiece designs feature an elliptical airway attached to the demand valve, a labial flange to provide stability and a platform the diver bites for retention. Mouthpieces generally feature short bite tabs and are made of a soft material to accommodate use by a wide range of jaws and teeth; this requires forward movement of the jaw to effectively grip the mouthpiece. This design may not support posterior occlusion, which is the most effective contact of the molar and bicuspid teeth of both jaws for allowing the natural movements of the jaws essential to normal chewing and closure. This lack of support may result in uneven loading of the TMJ. Cold water may exacerbate this problem by impairing a diver's ability to use his or her lips to properly grip the mouthpiece.
Understanding TMD
The TMJ is one of the most complex joints in the body; its movement involves a combination of hinging and sliding action. To locate it, place a finger directly in front of your ears. Move your jaw from side to side, or open and close your mouth. You can actually feel the mandible moving in and out of the TMJ socket. The upper section of the joint is a depression in the temporal bone of the skull; the lower section of the joint is the mandibular condyle, a rounded projection at the upper tip of the mandible. These bones, which make up the joint, are covered in cartilage and are separated by a small disc, which facilitates smooth opening, closing and side-to-side movements.
In many cases, the cause of TMD is not clear. TMD may occur if this disc erodes or becomes improperly aligned, if the cartilage is damaged by arthritis or if the joint is subjected to trauma or long-term microtraumas. Researchers are still seeking to fully understand the causes of these conditions and what treatments are most effective.
Reported symptoms include:
pain or tenderness in the TMJ
TMJ clicking or crepitus (cracking or popping sound)
discomfort while chewing
difficulty opening or closing the mouth
facial pain
headache
blockage of Eustachian tubes
vestibular disturbances such as vertigo or disorientation (either of which could be hazardous should it occur underwater)
Several studies have noted more women reporting TMD symptoms than men. The average age of onset is between 20 and 40, but this dysfunction may occur at any age. In their study "Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in a group of scuba divers," Aldridge and Fenlon suggest that this may be related to anatomical differences such as mandibular angulation and masticatory muscle insertion.
Scuba diving does not appear to cause TMD; however, it may exacerbate a preexisting joint condition. "The problem is that there are many people who have silent or undiagnosed conditions or just plain flimsy joints, which only become symptomatic when the stress of holding a traditional mouthpiece is imposed," said Dr. Randall Moles, orthodontic specialist and developer of the SeaCureTM custom mouthpiece (one of several commercially available custom mouthpieces). "So there is a group of people who will have no TMD symptoms prior to diving who can develop TMJ problems because they had weak joints or a preexisting subclinical problem."
What You Can Do
Divers who experience jaw pain or other
TMD symptoms should seek a dental consultation and may wish to try equipment
modifications such as a swivel adaptor or a custom mouthpiece. There are a few
styles of standard mouthpieces designed for scuba diving. When selecting your
diving equipment, try several mouthpieces to find the style and size that fits
you best. For added comfort, some divers add a second-stage swivel adaptor to
their regulator that adjusts to subtle head movements and reduces hose tug.
Some regulators incorporate this adaptor as standard design.
If you experience symptoms of TMD during or after diving, seek a dental consultation. While most cases of diving-associated TMD resolve spontaneously, your dental professional can recommend management strategies such as muscle relaxation exercises, techniques for reducing stress or, if necessary, medical intervention. Your dentist can also advise or assist in the development of a custom-fitted mouthpiece, which requires less muscular effort for retention than the traditional design. (There are also commercially available custom mouthpieces that do not require a dental consultation).
If you experience symptoms of TMD during or after diving, seek a dental consultation. While most cases of diving-associated TMD resolve spontaneously, your dental professional can recommend management strategies such as muscle relaxation exercises, techniques for reducing stress or, if necessary, medical intervention. Your dentist can also advise or assist in the development of a custom-fitted mouthpiece, which requires less muscular effort for retention than the traditional design. (There are also commercially available custom mouthpieces that do not require a dental consultation).
"The dive industry has tried to
make a mouthpiece that will fit everyone, and in doing so they had to make it
soft and short due to the variability of teeth and jaws," Moles said.
"A customized mouthpiece is molded to fit one person and can be made out
of a stiffer material that goes to the back of the mouth, which transfers the
weight of the regulator to the back — where the muscles are. This provides
leverage and greatly reduces the force needed to keep the mouthpiece in place.
In addition, because the mouthpiece can be made of a much stiffer material, it
retains the bite marks that grip the teeth instead of the diver having to
constantly bite down to get a grip on the soft spongy material of the standard
mouthpiece."
If you opt for a custom-fitted mouthpiece, consider the proper positioning for a diver. "There is a common mistake made during the molding: People keep their head in the neutral position," Balestra noted. "This will not mold the mouthpiece correctly; instead the individual should position his head as if he was diving, tilting the head backward."
If you opt for a custom-fitted mouthpiece, consider the proper positioning for a diver. "There is a common mistake made during the molding: People keep their head in the neutral position," Balestra noted. "This will not mold the mouthpiece correctly; instead the individual should position his head as if he was diving, tilting the head backward."
Safety Considerations
If
you decide to swap your mouthpiece for a custom one, make sure your new
mouthpiece fits your regulator's second stage. Not every mouthpiece fits every
regulator, and an ill-fitting mouthpiece could incur leakage or decouple from
the regulator. In addition, when attaching your mouthpiece with a cable tie,
confirm tightness, and use a razor blade to cut off excess and ensure there are
no sharp ends.
Do not use a customized mouthpiece on an air source that might be handed off to a buddy in an emergency; it may make breathing difficult or be impossible for another diver to use.
Do not use a customized mouthpiece on an air source that might be handed off to a buddy in an emergency; it may make breathing difficult or be impossible for another diver to use.
© Alert Diver — Winter 2014
- See more at: http://www.alertdiver.com/?
-----------------------
kalau berminat dengan produk mouth-piece ortodontik tersebut, kontak toko Bubblemakers Dive Shop untuk detilnya....www.bubblemakerscuba.com
Kamis, 01 Mei 2014
Siapa yang belum pernah dengar merek Ikelite? Merek ini terkenal sebagai pembuat wadah (housing) kamera maupun video bawah air dengan bahan transparan. Itu artinya pemakai housing tetap dapat melihat kamera yang berada di dalamnya, untuk melihat tombol settingnya ataupun memeriksa apakah ada air masuk yang berarti telah terjadi kebocoran.
Sejak dulu Ikelite memproduksi beragam housing baik untuk kamera compact dan dslr. Biasanya Ikelite termasuk paling duluan dalam meluncurkan produknya dibandingkan merek lainnya. Ini merupakan kelebihan mereka, walau bagi sebagian pengguna tidak terlalu suka dengan bentuknya yang besar dan cenderung kotak dibanding merek lain.
Silakan lihat film berikut dari Ikelite:
Sejak dulu Ikelite memproduksi beragam housing baik untuk kamera compact dan dslr. Biasanya Ikelite termasuk paling duluan dalam meluncurkan produknya dibandingkan merek lainnya. Ini merupakan kelebihan mereka, walau bagi sebagian pengguna tidak terlalu suka dengan bentuknya yang besar dan cenderung kotak dibanding merek lain.
Silakan lihat film berikut dari Ikelite:
Senin, 21 April 2014
Aqualung BCD - Axiom i3, BCD top-of-the-line yang oke banget
Sudah hampir setahun Aqualung meluncurkan BCD tercanggihnya yang kaya fitur. Beberapa di antaranya mulai dari :
- fitur i3; yang memungkinkan penggunanya membuka dan menutup semua katup pembuang udara di BCD hanya dengan menekan/mengangkat satu tombol dengan satu jari, memudahkan untuk mengatur bouyancy;
- Griplock dari logam untuk mengencangkan tali pengikat tangki yang aman karena tidak langsung mengunci sehingga dapat menghindari jari yang terjepit;
- Wrapture harness system yang membuat BCD melekat sempurna ke tubuh penyelam,
- kantong pemberat Surelock II di bagian belakang yang terjahit permanen di tank-band,
- kantong yang terdapat dalam kantong, di mana kantong tersebut dapat dilipat
- strap system unik untuk mengencangkan strap di pinggang
- Integrated weight system, sehingga penyelam tidak perlu menggunakan sabuk pemberat
Bagi fundiver dengan BCD ini mudah untuk mendapatkan posisi streamline di bawah air. Bagi divemaster ataupun instruktur, dengan BCD ini pada saat di permukaan air dapat berdiri tegak. Apa itu artinya? Ini berarti BCD ini cocok untuk mereka yang memiliki profesi sebagai dive-guide maupun pengajar selam serta tetap enak untuk dipakai fundive. Jadi tidak perlu lagi punya lebih dari 1 BCD untuk dua tujuan, mengajar dan fundive.
Coba lihat filmnya berikut ini:
Minggu, 20 April 2014
Jalan-jalan scuba ke Maluku
18 April 2014 itu hari Paskah, buat kita-kita yang kerja itu artinya long weekend, soalnya tanggal 18 April pas hari Jumat. Itu artinya libur 3 hari dengan Sabtu Minggu. Jauh-jauh hari kita sudah rencanakan trip scuba ke Ternate, Maluku. Lokasinya nyaman dan tenang, tidak sebising dive spot lain yang sudah terlalu banyak turis domestik dan mancanegaranya.
Kita semua ber-14 orang. Ada yang berangkat langsung dari Jakarta, ada yang dari Surabaya, ada yang dari Manado, ada yang dari Makassar, bahkan dari Kendari. Semuanya berangkat ke satu tujuan, Ternate, buat reunian setelah lama nggak diving bareng.
Cukup dengan kata-katanya, langsung aja liat foto-fotonya... :-)
Jumat, 04 April 2014
Keep Diving
Belajar menyelam memang seru, penuh hal-hal baru yang tidak semua orang pernah alami. Namun bagi sebagian orang, banyak yang setelah belajar menyelam, tidak atau jarang lagi menyelam secara rutin. Padahal banyak aspek yang positif dengan kita terus menyelam. Baik dari segi kesehatan untuk melepaskan stress, olah raga, dan menghirup udara di dalam tekanan yang 'katanya' bisa membuat lebih awet muda; hingga banyaknya teman-teman baru dan wawasan baru tentang lingkungan yang lebih baik.
Ada pepatah lama 'alah bisa karena biasa'. Bagi yang jarang menyelam, bisa jadi mereka kurang menikmati saat menyelam di bawah air. Lakukan saja terus, sehingga tubuh terlatih untuk aktifitas fisik menyelam. Tubuh akan beradaptasi untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan bawah air. Saran lain adalah: jangan juga belajar sendiri, tapi ikuti kursus menyelam yang benar, dapatkan ilmunya, dapatkan tekniknya. Dengan memiliki ilmunya, proses belajar akan lebih cepat. Pengalaman orang lain adalah guru yang yang paling baik. Daripada belajar sendiri dan mungkin lama prosesnya dan tidak mantap ilmunya, lebih baik belajar langsung ke ahlinya.
Bagi yang sudah sering menyelam, lakukan terus secara rutin. Seperti juga olahraga lain, semakin rutin dan teratur kita melakukannya, semakin baik keterampilan kita dan semakin sehat kita. Perdalam terus ilmu menyelamnya. Teknologi menyelam berkembang terus. Menyelam bukan cuma nyemplung ke dalam air lihat-lihat ikan. Banyak aspek ilmu pengetahuan di dalamnya. Pastikan secara rutin tambah pengetahuan penyelaman setiap bulan atau setiap tahunnya.
Lakukan pula hal di luar 'hanya' menyelam, seperti fotografi bawah air, melakukan identifikasi hewan air, mengikuti kegiatan survey terumbu karang, membuat film-film kecil dunia bawah air, atau mengajar selam. Semuanya akan menambah nikmatnya aktifitas menyelam itu sendiri.
Ada klip video dari PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructor) tentang hal ini....
Okay, segera kontak PADI Dive Center terdekat untuk nambah ilmu menyelamnya :-)
Kamis, 03 April 2014
Go Diving
Hari gini ada yang belum pernah coba scuba diving kah? duuuuh, keburu tua nanti....Oke, coba liat film di bawah ini deh, liatin serunya scuba diving.. :-). Ntar kalo kepingin, datang ke PADI Dive Center terdekat aja.
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)